milkcocoahkorean:Today, I wanted to talk about the grammar points 고 있다 and 아/어 있다. I’m not going to
milkcocoahkorean:Today, I wanted to talk about the grammar points 고 있다 and 아/어 있다. I’m not going to explain the grammar points themselves. I highly recommend TTMIK’s lessons on these. I just want to highlight an aspect of the two grammar points that can be confusing. 고 있다 is the present progressive and often translated to “someone is —-ing.” It’s always used with verbs to describe a task that you or someone else is actively doing at that moment.보고서를 쓰고 있어요. I am writing a report.친구가 숙제를 하고 있어요. My friend is doing homework. 아/어 있다 is used to describe the state of something (a result) after an action is done. (It often uses the passive form of some verbs as well.)Let’s look at an example. 문이 열려 있어요. “The door is open.” At some point, someone opened the door, and now it is still in the state of having been opened. But the important part is to remember that the verb 열다 (to open) is already a finished task. So, the passive 열리다 (to be open) is used.+Notes:+고 있다 usually uses 을/를, and 아/어 있다 normally uses 이/가.+아/어 있다 can be translated very differently based on the verb used. Because English just doesn’t use the same tense in all these situations. (i.e. 문이 잠겨 있다. The door is locked. 문이 열려 있다. The door is open. 물이 끓여 있다. The water is boiling.)+However, in the case of 앉다 (to sit) and 눕다 (lay down), 고 있다 and 아/어 있다 can both be translated to “I am —-ing,” which was really confusing for me at first. 앉고 있어요 and 앉아 있어요 can both be translated to “I am sitting down.” Actually, the second one means, I am seated, but Americans often say I am sitting down. 눕다 is the same. 눕고 있다 and 누워 있다 are both commonly said as “I am laying down” in English. I think that English–at least American English–doesn’t actively distinguish between the two situations, but Korean typically does.눕고 있어요 would describe the active process of laying down. So, you bending your knees and lowering your body until you get all flat is 눕고 있다. From that moment, you can say 누워 있다. So, this means that the first part of the verb (눕다) is all done, and you’re existing (있다) in that state.So, we can compare like this.나는/내가 앉고 있다. I am in the process of sitting, but not finished with the action. (I am sitting down.)나는/내가 앉아 있다. I already sat down, and I am still in the state of having sat down. (I am sitting down./I am seated.)When I first came to Korea, I commonly used 눕고 있다 to say “I am laying down.” But, I quickly realized my friends always said 누워 있다. And the same went for sitting down. I would say 앉고 있다, but my friends all said 앉아 있다.So, if you want to say you’re laying down or sitting, and you mean that the action is completed and you’re in that state, I suggest using 아/어 있다. It’s not impossible to hear the opposite(고 있다) because humans don’t stick to strict grammar rules. But, I guarantee you’ll hear 누워 있다 and 앉아 있다 way more in the case of having sat down and existing in that state.+Note: I translated 눕다 to lay down. But, 눕다 technically means to lie down. American English speakers (I don’t know about other countries) often misuse lay down and lie down. Grammatically, lie down means to recline your body into a resting position. And lay down means to put an object down. But, I would say most speakers use “lay down” for their body as well. So, I used to lay down as my translation.+Let me know if you have any questions.^^Follow me for Korean tips and lessons! -- source link
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