sciencenote:Dr. Patricia Wadsworth University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA Specimen: Mitotic
sciencenote: Dr. Patricia Wadsworth University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA Specimen: Mitotic Spindle Technique: Confocal While the spindle apparatus is composed of hundreds upon hundreds of proteins,the fundamental machinery are the spindle microtubules. Attachment of microtubules to chromosomes is mediated by kinetochores, which actively monitor spindle formation and prevent premature anaphase onset. Microtubule polymerization and depolymerization dynamics drive chromosome congression. Depolymerization of microtubules generates tension at kinetochores, bipolar attachment of sister kinetochores to microtubules emanating from opposite cell poles couples opposing tension forces, aligning chromosomes at the cell equator and poising them for segregation to daughter cells. Once every chromosome is bi-oriented, anaphase commences and cohesin, which couples sister chromatids, is severed, permitting the transit of the sister chromatids to opposite poles. -- source link
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