mynotes4usmle: ANTIBIOTICS CHEAT SHEET :) Also, REMEMBER!!!! * Sulfonamides compete for albumin with
mynotes4usmle: ANTIBIOTICS CHEAT SHEET :) Also, REMEMBER!!!! * Sulfonamides compete for albumin with: Bilirrubin: given in 2°,3°T, high risk or indirect hyperBb and kernicterus in premies Warfarin: increases toxicity: bleeding * Beta-lactamase (penicinillase) Suceptible: Natural Penicillins (G, V, F, K) Aminopenicillins (Amoxicillin, Ampicillin) Antipseudomonal Penicillins (Ticarcillin, Piperacillin) * Beta-lactamase (penicinillase) Resistant: Oxacillin, Nafcillin, Dicloxacillin 3°G, 4°G Cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactams Beta-lactamase inhibitors * Penicillins enhanced with: Clavulanic acid & Sulbactam (both are suicide inhibitors, they inhibit beta-lactamase) Aminoglycosides (against enterococcus and psedomonas) * Aminoglycosides enhanced with Aztreonam * Penicillins: renal clearance EXCEPT Oxacillin & Nafcillin (bile) * Cephalosporines: renal clearance EXCEPT Cefoperazone & Cefrtriaxone (bile) * Both inhibited by Probenecid during tubular secretion. * 2°G Cephalosporines: none cross BBB except Cefuroxime * 3°G Cephalosporines: all cross BBB except Cefoperazone bc is highly highly lipid soluble, so is protein bound in plasma, therefore it doesn’t cross BBB. * Cephalosporines are "LAME“ bc they do not cover this organisms L isteria monocytogenes A typicals (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia) M RSA (except Ceftaroline, 5°G) E nterococci * Disulfiram-like effect: Cefotetan & Cefoperazone (mnemonic) * Cefoperanzone: all the exceptions!!! All 3°G cephalosporins cross the BBB except Cefoperazone. All cephalosporins are renal cleared, except Cefoperazone. Disulfiram-like effect * Against Pseudomonas: 3°G Cef taz idime (taz taz taz taz) 4°G Cefepime, Cefpirome (not available in the USA) Antipseudomonal penicillins Aminoglycosides (synergy with beta-lactams) Aztreonam (pseudomonal sepsis) * Covers MRSA: Ceftaroline (rhymes w/ Caroline, Caroline the 5°G Ceph), Vancomycin, Daptomycin, Linezolid, Tigecycline. * Covers VRSA: Linezolid, Dalfopristin/Quinupristin * Aminoglycosides: decrease release of ACh in synapse and act as a Neuromuscular blocker, this is why it enhances effects of muscle relaxants. * DEMECLOCYCLINE: tetracycline that’s not used as an AB, it is used as tx of SIADH to cause Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (inhibits the V2 receptor in collecting ducts) * Phototoxicity: Q ue S T ion? Q uinolones Sulfonamides T etracyclines * p450 inhibitors: Cloramphenicol, Macrolides (except Azithromycin), Sulfonamides * Macrolides SE: Motilin stimulation, QT prolongation, reversible deafness, eosinophilia, cholestatic hepatitis * Bactericidal: beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems), aminoglycosides, fluorquinolones, metronidazole. * Baceriostatic: tetracyclins, streptogramins, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, oxazolidonones, macrolides, sulfonamides, DHFR inhibitors. * Pseudomembranous colitis: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Clindamycin, Lincomycin. * QT prolongation: macrolides, sometimes fluoroquinolones -- source link