In 1938, Hitler was demanding that Czechoslovakia cede the Sudetenland, where 3 million ethnic Germa

In 1938, Hitler was demanding that Czechoslovakia cede the Sudetenland, where 3 million ethnic Germans were living, to Germany.  He threatened war if he didn’t get his way.  The Munich Conference was held from 29th-30th September, and Neville Chamberlain, Édouard Daladier, Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler signed the Munich Agreement early in the morning of the 30th.  The Czechs were not allowed to attend the conference; their delegation was forced to wait outside.  When they objected to the agreement, they were told that if a war resulted, they would be held responsible.Text of the Munich AgreementGermany, the United Kingdom, France and Italy, taking into consideration the agreement, which has been already reached in principle for the cession to Germany of the Sudeten German territory, have agreed on the following terms and conditions governing the said cession and the measures consequent thereon, and by this agreement they each hold themselves responsible for the steps necessary to secure its fulfillment:1.  The evacuation will begin on October 1st.2.  The United Kingdom, France and Italy agree that the evacuation of the territory shall be completed by October 10th, without any existing installations having been destroyed, and that the Czechoslovak Government will be held responsible for carrying out the evacuation without damage to the said installations.3.  The conditions governing the evacuation will be laid down in detail by an international commission composed of representatives of Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Czechoslovakia.4.  The occupation by stages of the predominantly German territory by German troops will begin on October 1st.  The four territories marked on the attached map will be occupied by German troops in the following order: the territory marked number I on the 1st and 2nd of October, the territory marked number II on the 2nd and 3rd of October, the territory marked number III on the 3rd, 4th and 5th of October, the territory marked number IV on the 6th and 7th of October.  The remaining territory of preponderantly German character will be ascertained by the aforesaid international commission forthwith and be occupied by German troops by the 10th of October.5.  The international commission referred to in paragraph 3 will determine the territories in which a plebiscite is to be held.  These territories will be occupied by international bodies until the plebiscite has been completed.  The same commission will fix the conditions in which the plebiscite is to be held, taking as a basis the conditions of the Saar plebiscite.  The commission will also fix a date, not later than the end of November, on which the plebiscite will be held.6.  The final determination of the frontiers will be carried out by the international commission.  The commission will also be entitled to recommend to the four Powers, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy, in certain exceptional cases, minor modifications in the strictly ethnographical determination of the zones which are to be transferred without plebiscite.7.  There will be a right of option into and out of the transferred territories, the option to be exercised within six months from the date of this agreement.  A German-Czechoslovak commission shall determine the details of the option, consider ways of facilitating the transfer of population and settle questions of principle arising out of the said transfer.8.  The Czechoslovak Government will, within a period of four weeks from the date of this agreement, release from their military and police forces any Sudeten Germans who may wish to be released, and the Czechoslovak Government will within the same period release Sudeten German prisoners who are serving terms of imprisonment for political offences. -- source link

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